Ceramic Turbo Wheel Failure (All Models)
Symptoms
Loss of boost on one or both turbochargers. In severe cases, ceramic wheel fragments are ingested by the engine, causing catastrophic damage to the cylinders and pistons.
Cause
The factory T28 turbochargers use ceramic (silicon nitride) turbine wheels. Ceramic is lighter than steel, which gives faster spool-up, but it is brittle. Thermal shock (rapid temperature changes), over-boost, and age cause the ceramic to crack and eventually shatter. A shattered turbine wheel sends fragments through the exhaust manifold and, if the fragments pass through the wastegate, into the intake tract.
Fix
Replace the factory ceramic-wheeled T28 turbochargers with steel-wheeled equivalents.
Genuine Nissan steel-wheeled T28 replacements are available, as are aftermarket upgrades (Garrett GT2860RS is a popular direct replacement).
Steel-wheeled turbos can handle higher boost and are not susceptible to thermal shock failure.
Cost: $2,000-5,000 for a pair of quality replacement turbos, plus fitting.
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