Thermostat Stuck Open or Closed
Symptoms
Stuck open: engine never reaches normal operating temperature (gauge sits low), poor heater output, high fuel consumption. Stuck closed: rapid overheating, gauge in the red, coolant boiling over.
Cause
Corrosion or mineral buildup in the thermostat housing. Old thermostats lose calibration or seize.
Fix
Test the thermostat by boiling it in a pan of water and checking opening temperature with a thermometer (should open around 82°C).
If suspect, replace it, they're cheap.
Use OEM or quality aftermarket (Wahler, Behr).
Always fit a new gasket or O-ring, and bleed the system afterward.
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